
Physiological Effects
• Thermal - hyperemia , increase alkalosis, increased leukocytosis, increased glandular activity, reduce muscle spasm and deep heating
• Mechanical – dispersion of fluids, removes exudates, increased molecular movement and increase membrane permeability.
• Chemical - increase gaseous exchange and increase chemical oxidation aids in healing
• Neural – mild anesthesia
Indications
• Joint and musculoskeletal inflammation
• Subacute sprains, strains, contusions, tendinitis, bursitis
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